Marines near Darwin, Australia, overlooking the Timor Sea and Lombok Strait. Following Rudd's replacement by Julia Gillard in 2010, enhanced military cooperation between the United States and Australia was resumed, leading to the placement of U.S. The Quad ceased following the withdrawal of Australia during Kevin Rudd's tenure as prime minister, reflecting ambivalence in Australian policy over the growing tension between the United States and China in the Indo-Pacific. The diplomatic and military arrangement was widely viewed as a response to increased Chinese economic and military power. The dialogue was paralleled by joint military exercises of an unprecedented scale, titled Exercise Malabar. The dialogue was initiated in 2007 by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, with the support of Australian Prime Minister John Howard, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and U.S. The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue ( QSD), commonly known as the Quad, is a strategic security dialogue between Australia, India, Japan and the United States that is maintained by talks between member countries.
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